Regulatory mechanism of long noncoding RNA in the occurrence and development of leukemia: a review / 生物工程学报

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of RNA molecules that are greater than 200 nt in length and do not have protein-coding capabilities or encode micropeptides only. LncRNAs are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and other biological processes, and are closely associated with the occurrence, recurrence and metastasis of a variety of malignant hematologic diseases. This article summarizes the function, regulatory mechanism and potential clinical application of lncRNAs in leukemia. In general, lncRNAs regulate the occurrence and development of leukemia and the multi-drug resistance in chemotherapy through epigenetic modification, ribosomal RNA transcription, competitive binding with miRNA, modulating glucose metabolic pathway, and activating tumor-related signaling pathway. Studies on lncRNAs provide new references for understanding the pathogenesis of leukemia, uncovering new prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets, and addressing the problems of drug resistance and post-treatment recurrence in patients in clinical treatment of leukemia.

Synergistic role of JAK/STAT5 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in regulating eIF4B in acute leukemia / 生物工程学报

Human acute leukemia (AL) is a clonal malignancy with abnormal hematopoietic stem cells. Clinically, AL is very difficult to cure due to its sudden onset and short course of disease progression. Previous studies have shown that eukaryotic initiation factor 4B (eIF4B) plays a critical role in the development of chronic leukemia. However, the involvement of eIF4B in human acute leukemia is still largely unknown. Therefore, we studied eIF4B function and its regulatory mechanism in human acute leukemia. We found that phosphorylation levels of eIF4B in acute leukemia cells were significantly reduced in response to treatment with either LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor), AKTi (AKT inhibitor) or SMI-4A (Pim inhibitor). Co-treatment with inhibitors targeting JAK/STAT5/Pim and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling dramatically promoted apoptosis of acute leukemia cells by downregulating eIF4B phosphorylation. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo functional experiments showed that eIF4B played an important anti-apoptosis role in the acute leukemia cells by regulating the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. In contrast, silencing eIF4B inhibited the growth of acute leukemia cells as engrafted tumors in nude mice. Taken together, our results indicate the synergistic role of JAK/STAT5/Pim and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways in regulating eIF4B phosphorylation in acute leukemia, and highlight eIF4B as a candidate therapeutic target for treatment of acute leukemia.

Clinical control study of omeprazole and pantoprazole in treatment of peptic ulcer hemorrhage / 药物评价研究

Objective To discuss the efficacy of omeprazole and pantoprazole in treatment of peptic ulcer hemorrhage.Methods 80 patients with peptic ulcer hemorrhage were selected,they were divided into two groups randomly.The observation group (41 cases) was given pantoprazole by intravenous drip.The control group (39 cases) was given omeprazole by intravenous drip.The efficacy and safety of omeprazole and pantoprazole in treatment of peptic ulcer hemorrhage was evaluated by efficacy,pH before and after treatment,bleeding time,hospitalization and bleeding volume,and adverse reaction during treatment.Results The effective rate was 92.7％ in the observation group and 89.7％ in the control group.There was no statistical significance on effective rate between two groups.But the excellent rate of observation group was higher than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Before treatment,the gastric acid was acidic.There were no statistical significance on pH value between two groups.After treatment,the pH value was increased in two groups.The pH value of observation group was higher than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The hospitalization,hemostasis time and bleeding volume was shorter than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).During treatment,the patients given pantoprazole had less adverse reaction (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Pantoprazole and omeprazole are suitable for treating peptic ulcer hemorrhage.But the antacid and hemostatic effect of pantoprazole was better with high safety.It was worthy of clinical application.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation combined with Shenghuazhixue decoction in the treatment of postpartum subinvolution of uterus / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSCs) transplantation has been reported to promote the repair of uterine injury;Shenghuazhixue decoction functions to promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis, and dysmenorrhea. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of BMSCs transplantation combined withShenghuazhixue decoction on subinvolution of uterus effect and the underlying mechanism. METHODS:The model of subinvolution of uterus was established in 40 femaleSprague-Dawley rats, followed by randomly divided into four groups: control,Shenghuazhixue decoction, BMSCs, and combination groups. The control group received no treatment; at the 1st day after modeling, 1×107/L BMSCs (1 mL) were injected into the rat myometrium in the BMSCs and combination groups before laparotomy; the rats in theShenghuazhixue decoction group received no treatment after incision of uterus, and then rinsed using normal saline before closing the abdomen; theShenghuazhixue decoction and combination groups were given 8 mL/(kg?d)Shenghuazhixue detectionvia gavage at the 1st day after modeling, once daily, for consecutive 7 days. Afterwards, the relevant indexes were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group, the body weight, uterine wet weight and uterine index in the combined group were significantly decreased after treatment (P < 0.05). The body weight and uterine wet weight showed significant differences betweenShenghuazhixue decoction and control groups (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the expression levels of intrerleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α were significantly decreased, and the serum level of thromboxane B2 was significantly increased in theShenghuazhixue decoction group after treatment (P < 0.05). After treatment, the expression levels of intrerleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α were significantly decreased, and the level of vascular endothelial growth factor was significantly increased in the BMSCs group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, there was significant decease in the expression levels of intrerleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α, and significant increase in serum level of thromboxane B2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in the combination group (P < 0.01). These results suggest that BMSCs transplantation combined withShenghuazhixue detection can reduce postpartum body weight, uterine wet weight and index of uterus, and promote uterine involution in female rats, which may be through decreasing the levels of intrerleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α as well as increasing the levels of thromboxane B2 and vascular endothelial growth factor.

Simultaneous determination of eight constituents in Jinsang Liyan Capsules by HPLC / 中成药

AIM To develop an HPLC method for the simultaneous content determination of honokiol,magnolol,dehydrotumulosic acid,tumulosic acid,polyporenic acid C,3-epidehydrotumulosic acid,dehydropachymic acid and pachymic acid in Jinsang Liyan Capsules (Magnoliae officinalis Cortex,Poria,Aurantii Fructus Immaturus,etc.).METHODS The analysis of methanol extract of this drug was carried out on a 35 ℃ thermostatic Kromasil C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm,5.0 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile-0.05％ phosphoric acid flowing at 0.9 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelengths were set at 294,241 and 210 nm.RESULTS Eight constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges (r ＞ 0.999 0),whose average recoveries were more than 96.0％ with the RSDs of less than 2.0％.CONCLUSION This simple and reproducible method can be used for the quality control of Jinsang Liyan Capsules.

Mechanisms underlying interferon-mediated host innate immunity during influenza A virus infection / 生物工程学报

Influenza A virus can create acute respiratory infection in humans and animals throughout the world, and it is still one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in humans worldwide. Numerous studies have shown that influenza A virus infection induces rapidly host innate immune response. Influenza A virus triggers the activation of signaling pathways that are dependent on host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) including toll like receptors (TLRs) and RIG-I like receptors (RLRs). Using a variety of regulatory mechanisms, these signaling pathways activate downstream transcript factors that control expression of various interferons and cytokines, such as type I and type III interferons. Thus, these interferons stimulate the transcript of relevant interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and expression of the antiviral proteins, which are critical components of host innate immunity. In this review, we will highlight the mechanisms by which influenza A virus infection induces the interferon-mediated host innate immunity.

Optimization of coding sequences and expression of antimicrobial peptide magainin II in Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris / 生物工程学报

The antimicrobial peptide magainin II is expressed in the skin of the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, and exhibits a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity as well as tumoricidal properties at low concentrations. In addition, magaininII plays a synergistic role during antimicrobial and tumoricidal processes with another antimicrobial peptide PGLa that is also expressed in Xenopus laevis. The optimized cDNA sequence of magainin II and magainin II-PGLa hybrid peptide according to E. coli or Pichia pastoris codon usage frequency were synthesized and sub-cloned into prokaryotic expression vector pGEX and Pichia pastoris secreted expression vector pPIC9k. The resulting recombinant plasmids were named as pGEX-magainin II and pPIC9k-magainin II-PGLa. The GST-magainin II fusion protein was highly expressed in E. coli. Furthermore, magainin II was successfully purified by digestion with PreScission Protease to cleave the GST tag. Additionally, our data obtained from the ELISA revealed that magainin II -PGLa hybrid peptide was successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris. These experiments establish a useful system for further studies of these antimicrobial peptides.

Mechanism underlying the anterograde transport of the influenza A virus transmembrane proteins and genome in host cytoplasm / 生物工程学报

Influenza virus assembly requires the completion of viral protein and vRNP transport to the assembly site at the plasma membrane. Therefore, efficient regulation of intracellular transport of the viral proteins and vRNPs to the surface of the host cell is especially important for virus morphogenesis. Influenza A virus uses the machineries of host cells to transport its own components including ribonucleoproteins (vRNPs) and three transmembrane proteins hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA) and matrix 2 protein (M2). It has been shown that newly synthesized vRNPs are associated with active form of Rab11 and accumulate at recycling endosomes adjacent to the microtubule organizing center (MTOC) following nuclear export. Subsequently, they are transported along the microtubule network toward the plasma membranes in cargo vesicles. The viral transmembrane proteins are translated on the rough endoplasmic reticulum and transported to the virus assembly site at the plasma membrane. It has been found that several host factors such as ARHGAP21 and GTPase Cdc42 are involved in regulation of intracellular trafficking of influenza A virus transmembrane proteins including NA. In this review, we will highlight the current knowledge about anterograde transport and its regulation of the influenza A virus transmembrane proteins and genome in the host cytoplasm.

STATE OF ACTIN POLYMERIZATION IN B LYMPHOCYTES FROM DIFFERENT DEVELOPMENT STAGES OF BURSA OF FABRICIUS OF PEKING DUCK / 解剖学报

In this study we have examined the state of actin polymerization in B cells from different development stages in bursa of Fabricius of Peking duck by indirect immunofluorescence technique using antibody against actin. In B cells from bursa of Fabricius of 26th day embryo and 3th week after hatching, the polymeric actin was the main form in the actin pool. In B cells from bursa of Fabricius of 12th week after hatching, however, the monomeric actin was the main form, which might be a result of the shift from the polymeric actin pool to the monomeric pool. We concluded that the state of actin polymerization might be an important factor in the cellular functions of B cells of bursa of Fabricius.